Why Neurodivergent Swimmers Need a Different Lifeguard Approach

Imagine a child with sensory sensitivities entering a bustling, noisy pool environment. Their system immediately kicks into fight or flight, and they might start running, hands pressed over their ears as a coping mechanism, making loud shrieking noises. Now picture a common scenario where the lifeguard suddenly blows a loud whistle unexpectedly at them, shouting, "No running!".

This will only escalate their emotional state of fight or flight. They will probably get upset and run faster from this intervention.

Giving Lifeguards strategies for when they see the soft signs of someone that may have sensory sensitivities can not only de-escalate a dangerous situation but create a safer, and more welcoming experience for families coming to swim with their children with Autism and other special needs.

Understanding Needs and Adapting the Approach

This scenario highlights a critical truth: lifeguarding swimmers with autism and sensory sensitivities requires a different approach and a deeper understanding of their specific needs.

Traditional responses, while effective for neurotypical individuals, can inadvertently create more danger and distress for those whose brains process the world differently. They can actually be counterproductive for neurodivergent swimmers.

Recognizing the "soft signs" of sensory overload – the subtle cues that indicate a swimmer is struggling with their environment – is not just beneficial, it's essential.

Identifying the Soft Signs: What to Look For

Recognizing the early, subtle cues of sensory sensitivities or autism is crucial. Here are some "soft signs" that might indicate a swimmer needs a different approach:

  • Repetitive Movements
    Look for behaviors like hand flapping, spinning, rhythmic jumping, or making vocal sounds. These can be self-regulating behaviors in an overwhelming environment.
  • Auditory Sensitivity
    Children might cover their ears or wear noise-canceling headphones as they swim to help manage the overwhelming auditory sensory input.
  • Communication Aids
    A communication device (e.g., AAC tablet, talker) strapped around the neck or in their hands can indicate a non-verbal or minimally verbal individual.
  • Safety Tracking Devices
    A tracker bracelet on the ankle or wrist might be used to help locate or monitor a child who is a flight risk.
  • Parent-Child Dynamics
    Observe parents or caregivers holding on tightly to a child who is trying to squirm away, run towards the water, or seems anxious and resistant. This often signifies a known flight risk or sensory aversion.

Effective De-escalation Techniques for Lifeguards

Once you've identified the soft signs, the next step is responding in a way that de-escalates the situation and keeps everyone safe. This often means stepping away from traditional lifeguard interventions and adopting a more gentle, proactive approach.

Here are some strategies for guiding and supporting swimmers with sensory sensitivities or autism:

  • Close the Distance, Reduce the Volume
    Instead of shouting across the pool, get out of your chair and walk closer to the child. This eliminates the need for loud commands, which can be highly distressing, and allows for a calmer interaction.
  • Use Visual and Physical Cues
    When a verbal command won't work, use your body to gently block or guide the child to the area where they need to be. This non-verbal communication can be much more effective for individuals who struggle with sensory sensitivities.
  • Empower the Parent
    If you observe a parent or caregiver struggling with their child, ask them directly how you can help. They are the expert on their child's needs and can often provide invaluable insight or suggest the best approach.
  • Master "First/Then" Language
    Transitions, like getting out of the pool, can be incredibly challenging for swimmers with sensory sensitivities. Using "First, then" language provides clear expectations and motivation. For example, "First, get out of the pool, then you can ask mom for a snack."

By implementing these proactive and understanding responses, lifeguards can not only prevent dangerous situations but also create a more positive and inclusive aquatic environment for all.

Your Free Resource: Adaptive Swim Tips for Lifeguards

You are doing a great job, but one thing that might be missing is understanding that every swimmer is different and standard lifeguarding techniques may need to be adapted. We've created a special resource just for lifeguards like you.

Watch our FREE "Adaptive Swim Tips for Lifeguards" video.

In this valuable resource, you will learn:

  • What "typical" looks like for swimmers with Autism and sensory sensitivities
    This will help you understand their unique movements and underwater fascinations, so you don't overreact or misinterpret their behavior.
  • How to approach a swimmer who needs help but dislikes being touched
    Discover sensitive and effective ways to intervene while respecting their boundaries.
  • Strategies for more successful interactions
    Gain techniques to foster trust and cooperation, leading to safer and more positive experiences for these swimmers.

The Irresistible Pull: Why Some Swimmers Constantly Go Under

One of the biggest challenges, and a significant risk, when lifeguarding swimmers with sensory sensitivities or autism, is their profound love for going underwater. While seemingly innocent, their constant submersion can pose a serious safety concern in an aquatic environment.

So, why are some of these swimmers so drawn to the deep? The answer lies in their unique sensory processing. These swimmers often crave deep pressure. When they are in the water, the hydrostatic pressure surrounds their body a full 360 degrees, providing a calming and organizing sensation. The deeper they go underwater, the more this pressure increases. This is precisely why the water can feel so incredibly soothing and regulating to them, leading them to seek out that intense deep pressure by repeatedly submerging themselves.

While this sensation is incredibly calming and regulating for them, it's crucial for lifeguards to understand the associated risks and how to manage them safely.

For more in-depth guidance on identifying and safely managing this specific behavior, along with other critical adaptive swim tips, refer to our FREE "Adaptive Swim Tips for Lifeguards" video.

Water Safety For Every Swimmer

Ultimately, water safety is paramount for everyone. Providing a safe opportunity for these swimmers to enjoy being at the pool starts with educating lifeguards on their specific needs and considerations. By doing so, we create aquatic environments where every individual can thrive safely in the water.

Ailene Tisser, MA, PT, Founder

Ailene Tisser, a pediatric Physical Therapist with over 30 years of experience and co-founder of Swim Angelfish® and the Swim Whisperers® method, specializes in aquatic therapy and adaptive swim for children with special needs. Trained in NDT, DIR/Floortime, and certified as an Autism Specialist and Primitive Reflex Specialist she fosters water safety, confidence, and independence in her young clients. Ailene is also passionate about educating aquatic professionals, setting a standard of excellence for adaptive aquatics training and professional development.

Cindy Freedman, MOTR, Founder

Cindy, MS, OTR/L is an occupational and recreational therapist with over 30 years of experience specializing in pediatrics and aquatics. Driven by a passion for helping children with special needs reach their full potential, Cindy co-founded Swim Angelfish, an organization dedicated to providing adaptive swim and aquatic therapy services as well as professional training. Her expertise in sensory integration, reflex repatterning, and aquatics, coupled with her love for water and experience as a national champion diver, has enabled her to make a profound impact on the lives of countless children. Cindy is certified as an Autism Specialist by IBCCES, and shows an unwavering commitment to improving the lives of children with special needs.